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This magic square is remarkable in that it is a 90 degree rotation of a magic square that appears in the 13th century Islamic world as one of the most popular magic squares. [ 19 ] The construction of 4th-order magic square is detailed in a work titled Kaksaputa , composed by the alchemist Nagarjuna around 10th century CE.
Sallows is an expert on the theory of magic squares [1] and has invented several variations on them, including alphamagic squares [2] [3] and geomagic squares. [4] The latter invention caught the attention of mathematician Peter Cameron who has said that he believes that "an even deeper structure may lie hidden beyond geomagic squares" [5]
The earliest known magic squares of order greater than three are attributed to Yang Hui (fl. ca. 1261–1275), who worked with magic squares of order as high as ten. [47] "The same "Horner" device was used by Yang Hui, about whose life almost nothing is known and who work has survived only in part.
The Chinese also made use of the complex combinatorial diagram known as the magic square and magic circles, described in ancient times and perfected by Yang Hui (AD 1238–1298). [ 120 ] Even after European mathematics began to flourish during the Renaissance , European and Chinese mathematics were separate traditions, with significant Chinese ...
A geometric magic square, often abbreviated to geomagic square, is a generalization of magic squares invented by Lee Sallows in 2001. [1] A traditional magic square is a square array of numbers (almost always positive integers ) whose sum taken in any row, any column, or in either diagonal is the same target number .
The earliest extant Chinese illustration of 'Pascal's triangle' is from Yang's book Xiángjiě Jiǔzhāng Suànfǎ (詳解九章算法) [1] of 1261 AD, in which Yang acknowledged that his method of finding square roots and cubic roots using "Yang Hui's Triangle" was invented by mathematician Jia Xian [2] who expounded it around 1100 AD, about 500 years before Pascal.
Early records dated to 650 BCE are ambiguous, referring to a "river map", but clearly start to refer to a magic square by 80 CE, and explicitly give an example of one since 570 CE. [2] [3] Recent publications have provided support that the Lo Shu Magic Square was an important model for time and space.
Black magic as a category didn't exist in ancient Mesopotamia, and a person legitimately using magic to defend themselves against illegitimate magic would use exactly the same techniques. [4] The only major difference was the fact that curses were enacted in secret; [ 4 ] whereas a defense against sorcery was conducted in the open, in front of ...