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The pioneering Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga, author of The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919) (the English translation was called The Waning of the Middle Ages) and Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture (1935), which expanded the field of cultural history and influenced the historical anthropology of younger historians of ...
Nicolaes or Nicolaas Verburg (also Verburgh, Verburch) (c. 1620, Delft – November 1676, Netherlands) was the Dutch Governor of Formosa from 1649 to 1653 and Director General of the VOC council in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, from 1668 to 1675. [2] Probably as a teenager, Verburg sailed with the ship Hertogenbosch as onderkoopman ("sub-merchant ...
This is how the contemporaries thought of themselves. The Dutch formulation of the official name of the Republic is the United Provinces or the Seven United Provinces, in plural, using in the Dutch the plural for the reference. Another formulation sometimes used is one that sounds familiar in the modern day, the United States of the Netherlands.
The Dutch had 98 ships under Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp and Vice-admiral Witte de With, divided in five squadrons. On 2 June 1653 the Dutch attacked but were beaten back because the English employed line-of-battle tactics, making the Dutch pay a high price for attempting to board. The Dutch fleet, consisting of lighter ships, was severely ...
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In the 16th century, England had supported the Dutch Republic in the Eighty Years' War against Spain.They cooperated in fighting the Spanish Armada and England supported the Dutch in the early part of the Eighty Years' War by sending money and troops and maintaining garrisons in key ports and a permanent English representative to the Dutch government to ensure coordination of the joint war ...
At first many Dutch ships were captured and the English scored great victories. However, the Raid on the Medway, in June 1667, ended the war with a Dutch victory. The Dutch recovered their trade, while the English economy was seriously hurt and its treasury nearly bankrupt. [18] The greatly expanded Dutch navy was for years after the world's ...
Adriaan Pauw (1585-1653) Archives of the peace treaty of Münster with the signatures and personal seals of the negotiators, in the National Archives in The Hague. The treaty is about forty pages in total. The States-General of the Dutch Republic were formally recognised by Spain as a sovereign entity.