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Icosahedral symmetry fundamental domains A soccer ball, a common example of a spherical truncated icosahedron, has full icosahedral symmetry. Rotations and reflections form the symmetry group of a great icosahedron. In mathematics, and especially in geometry, an object has icosahedral symmetry if it has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron.
A regular icosahedron is topologically identical to a cuboctahedron with its 6 square faces bisected on diagonals with pyritohedral symmetry. The icosahedra with pyritohedral symmetry constitute an infinite family of polyhedra which include the cuboctahedron, regular icosahedron, Jessen's icosahedron, and double cover octahedron. Cyclical ...
The 600-cell has icosahedral cross sections of two sizes, and each of its 120 vertices is an icosahedral pyramid; the icosahedron is the vertex figure of the 600-cell. The unit-radius 600-cell has tetrahedral cells of edge length 1 φ {\textstyle {\frac {1}{\varphi }}} , 20 of which meet at each vertex to form an icosahedral pyramid (a 4 ...
Helical symmetry is given by the formula P = μ x ρ, where μ is the number of structural units per turn of the helix, ρ is the axial rise per unit and P is the pitch of the helix. The structure is said to be open due to the characteristic that any volume can be enclosed by varying the length of the helix. [ 24 ]
There are five fundamental symmetry classes which have triangular fundamental domains: dihedral, cyclic, tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral symmetry. This article lists the groups by Schoenflies notation , Coxeter notation , [ 1 ] orbifold notation , [ 2 ] and order.
Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1) Icosahedral, 2) Helical, and 3) Complex. 1) Icosahedral- An icosahedron is a polyhedron with 12 vertices and 20 faces. Two types of capsomeres constitute the icosahedral capsid: pentagonal (pentons) at the vertices and hexagonal at the faces. There are always twelve pentons, but the number of hexons ...
This lists the character tables for the more common molecular point groups used in the study of molecular symmetry. These tables are based on the group-theoretical treatment of the symmetry operations present in common molecules, and are useful in molecular spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. Information regarding the use of the tables, as well ...
The icosahedral symmetry of the sphere generates 7 uniform polyhedra, and a 1 more by alternation. Only one is repeated from the tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry table above. The icosahedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle (5 3 2) counting the mirrors at each vertex.