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Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), or Arabic calendar, also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
In the past, some mosques employed astronomers called the muwaqqits who were responsible for regulating the prayer time using mathematical astronomy. [8] The five intervals were defined by Muslim authorities in the decades after the death of Muhammad in 632, based on the hadith (the reported sayings and actions) of the Islamic prophet.
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The Islamic calendar is based on the synodic period of the Moon's revolution around the Earth, approximately 29 1 ⁄ 2 days. The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days (which begin with the new moon). Twelve of these months make up an Islamic year, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year.
A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to the Gregorian calendar. The year 2025 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH 1446 – 1447; AH 1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era. [a]
All religious duties, such as prayer, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage, and the dates of significant events, such as celebration of holy nights and festivals, are calculated according to the Islamic calendar. While some Islamic organizations prefer determining the new month (and hence the new year) by local sightings of the moon ...
From the time of the early Church, the practice of seven fixed prayer times has been taught, which traces itself to the Prophet David in Psalm 119:164. [12] In Apostolic Tradition, Hippolytus instructed Christians to pray seven times a day, "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with ...
The optional dawn prayer is a pair of rakats which are offered to God just before performing the obligatory Fajr prayer which is fard. [3] [4]This nafilah is considered by Muslim jurists to be a confirmed Sunnah [], and it represents the beginning of the daytime prayers of the Muslim day, while the Witr is the closing of the nighttime prayers just after the Chafa'a prayer.