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Based on their causes, hypereosinophilias can be sorted into subtypes. However, cases of eosinophilia, which exhibit eosinophil counts between 500 and 1,500/μL, may fit the clinical criteria for, and thus be regarded as falling into, one of these hypereosinophilia categories: the cutoff of 1,500/μL between hypereosinophilia and eosinophilia is somewhat arbitrary.
Eosinopenia is a condition where the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in circulating blood is lower than normal. [1] Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte and consequently from the same cellular lineage as neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells.
Eosinophils are white blood cells that fight infection by destroying foreign substances in the body. This increase is determined through a blood test called a complete blood count, or CBC. A result of over 500 cells/mcL (cells per microliter of blood) is considered elevated. [4] The normal range for eosinophils is less than 350 cells/mcL. [5]
More than 1,500/mL of blood eosinophilia for more than six months in a row, along with hypereosinophilic disease signs and symptoms. [23] Lack of an underlying cause for hypereosinophilia after a full diagnostic assessment. [23] Organ dysfunction or damage as a result of eosinophils' toxic contents being released locally. [23]
While virtually any cause for the elevation and activation of blood eosinophils must be considered as a potential cause for eosinophilic myocarditis, the following list gives the principal types of eosinophilia known or thought to underlie the disorder. [citation needed] Primary conditions that may lead to eosinophilic myocarditis are:
High concentrations of these DNA traps are known to cause cellular damage, as the granules they contain are responsible for the ligand-induced secretion of eosinophilic toxins which cause structural damage. [6] There is evidence to suggest that eosinophil granule protein expression is regulated by the non-coding RNA EGOT. [13]
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis consists of three stages, but not all patients develop all three stages or progress from one stage to the next in the same order; [7] whereas some patients may develop severe or life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal involvement and heart disease, some patients are only mildly affected, e.g. with skin lesions and nasal polyps. [8]
Loeffler endocarditis is a form of heart disease characterized by a stiffened, poorly-functioning heart caused by infiltration of the heart by white blood cells known as eosinophils. [1] Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which results in impaired diastolic filling of the heart ventricles , i.e. the large heart chambers ...