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Due to typical file system design, the amount of space allocated for a file is usually larger than the size of the file's data – resulting in a relatively small amount of storage space for each file, called slack space or internal fragmentation, that is not available for other files but is not used for data in the file to which it belongs.
An alternative system of nomenclature for the same units (referred to here as the customary convention), in which 1 kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes, [38] [39] [40] 1 megabyte (MB) is equal to 1024 2 bytes and 1 gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1024 3 bytes is mentioned by a 1990s JEDEC standard. Only the first three multiples (up to GB) are ...
1.6 × 10 12 bits (200 gigabytes) – capacity of a hard disk that would be considered average as of 2008. In 2005 a 200 GB harddisk cost US$100, [5] equivalent to $156 in 2023. As of April 2015, this is the maximum capacity of a fingernail-sized microSD card. 2 41
In this convention, one thousand and twenty-four megabytes (1024 MB) is equal to one gigabyte (1 GB), where 1 GB is 1024 3 bytes (i.e., 1 GiB). Mixed 1 MB = 1 024 000 bytes (= 1000×1024 B) is the definition used to describe the formatted capacity of the 1.44 MB 3.5-inch HD floppy disk , which actually has a capacity of 1 474 560 bytes .
In this convention, one thousand and twenty-four kilobytes (1024 KB) is equal to one megabyte (1 MB), where 1 MB is 1024 2 bytes. In December 1998, the IEC addressed such multiple usages and definitions by creating prefixes such as kibi, mebi, gibi, etc., to unambiguously denote powers of 1024. [ 10 ]
Bit Calculator – a tool providing conversions between bit, byte, kilobit, kilobyte, megabit, megabyte, gigabit, gigabyte BitXByteConverter Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine – a tool for computing file sizes, storage capacity, and digital information in various units
4 kB: About one page of text from a novel; 120 kB: The text of a typical pocket book; 1 MiB: A 1024×1024 pixel bitmap image with 256 colors (8 bpp color depth) 3 MB: A three-minute song (133 kbit/s) 650–900 MB – a CD-ROM; 1 GB: 114 minutes of uncompressed CD-quality audio at 1.4 Mbit/s; 16 GB: DDR5 DRAM laptop memory under $40 (as of early ...
Thus, a representation that compresses the storage size of a file from 10 MB to 2 MB yields a space saving of 1 - 2/10 = 0.8, often notated as a percentage, 80%. For signals of indefinite size, such as streaming audio and video, the compression ratio is defined in terms of uncompressed and compressed data rates instead of data sizes: