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The growth of self-directed cross-functional teams has influenced decision-making processes and organizational structures. Although management theory likes to propound that every type of organizational structure needs to make strategic, tactical, and operational decisions, new procedures have started to emerge that work best with teams.
[4] This is an example of cross-functional matrix management, and is not the same as when, in the 1980s, a department acquired PCs and hired programmers. [5] [6] Often senior employees, these employees are part of a product-oriented project manager's team but also report to another boss in a functional department.
The Secretary of Defense-empowered cross-functional team concept was established under Section 911 of the 2017 National Defense Authorization Act. The provision was included in response to Congressional and Government Accountability Office (GAO) assessments which found that, while the Department of Defense maintains military forces with unparalleled capabilities, the department "continues to ...
The elements of concurrent engineering that were utilized were cross-functional teams as well as fast time-to-market and considering manufacturing processes when designing. [5] By involving multiple disciplines in decision making and planning, concurrent engineering has made product development more cost and time efficient.
Management teams (also referred to as action and negotiation teams) are responsible for the coordination and direction of a division within an institution or organization during various assigned projects and functional, operational and/or strategic tasks and initiatives. [35]
A cross-functional team (XFN), also known as a multidisciplinary team or interdisciplinary team, [65] [66] [67] is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. [68] It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments. Typically, it includes employees from all levels ...
Marks and colleagues argued further that effective MTS leadership must balance the management of component team actions while maintaining cross-team interdependencies in response to environmental demands. [5] In other words, MTS leaders must ensure that component team efforts throughout the system are aligned appropriately.
The central characteristic of project teams in modern organizations is the autonomy and flexibility availed in the process or method undertaken to meet their goals. Most [quantify] project teams require involvement from more than one department, therefore most project teams can be classified as cross-functional teams.