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  2. Rainbow hologram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_hologram

    The rainbow hologram (also known as Benton hologram) is a type of hologram that was invented in 1968 by Dr. Stephen A. Benton at Polaroid Corporation (later MIT). [1] Rainbow holograms are designed to be viewed under white light illumination, rather than laser light which was required before this.

  3. Prism (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)

    A familiar dispersive prism. An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled — elements with two parallel surfaces are not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular ...

  4. Dispersive prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive_prism

    In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. [ 1 ]

  5. Refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction

    Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, [3] and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and causes prisms and rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors. [4]

  6. Porro prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porro_prism

    Porro prisms are most often used in pairs, forming a double Porro prism. A second prism rotated 90° with respect to the first, is placed such that light will traverse both prisms. The net effect of the prism system is a beam parallel to but displaced from its original direction, with the image rotated 180°.

  7. Iridescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescence

    The word iridescence is derived in part from the Greek word ἶρις îris (gen. ἴριδος íridos), meaning rainbow, and is combined with the Latin suffix -escent, meaning "having a tendency toward". [1] Iris in turn derives from the goddess Iris of Greek mythology, who is the personification of the rainbow and acted as a messenger of the ...

  8. Optical spectrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_spectrometer

    The light then passed through a prism (in hand-held spectroscopes, usually an Amici prism) that refracted the beam into a spectrum because different wavelengths were refracted different amounts due to dispersion. This image was then viewed through a tube with a scale that was transposed upon the spectral image, enabling its direct measurement.

  9. Atmospheric optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics

    Rainbows. These result from a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky from the Sun, rainbows are more visible the closer the Sun is to the horizon. For example, if the Sun is overhead, any possible rainbow appears near an observer's feet ...