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Patients with removable prostheses should be examined for areas of mucosal irritation. Procedures which are likely to cause direct osseous trauma, e.g. tooth extraction, dental implants, complex restoration, deep root planning, should be avoided in preference of other dental treatments.
A radiograph two years after implant placement, then seven years later in a heavy smoker, demonstrating progression of bone loss due to peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis is a destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. [1]
Avoiding smoking. It reduces the blood supply, leading to tissue ischemia, reduced tissue perfusion and eventually higher incidence of painful socket. Avoiding drinking through a straw or spitting forcefully as this creates a negative pressure within the oral cavity leading to an increased chance of blood clot instability. [8]
Persistent blood clots can lead to congestive blood flow in bone marrow, impaired blood flow and ischaemia in bone tissue resulting in lack of oxygen , bone cell damage and eventual cell death . Of significance is the fact that the average concentration of cadmium in human bones in the 20th century has increased to about 10 times above the pre ...
At present, guided bone regeneration is predominantly applied in the oral cavity to support new hard tissue growth on an alveolar ridge to allow stable placement of dental implants. When bone grafting is used in conjunction with sound surgical technique, guided bone regeneration is a reliable and validated procedure.
This discussion of the dental amalgam controversy outlines the debate over whether dental amalgam (the mercury alloy in dental fillings) should be used. Supporters claim that it is safe, effective and long-lasting, while critics argue that amalgam is unsafe because it may cause mercury poisoning and other toxicity. [1] [2] [3]
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Implants preserve the integrity of the teeth adjacent to the edentulous area, and it has been shown that dental implant therapy is less costly and more efficient over time than tooth-supported FPDs for the replacement of one missing tooth. The major disadvantage of dental implant surgery is the need for a surgical procedure. [17]