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A spinal fracture, also called a vertebral fracture or a broken back, is a fracture affecting the vertebrae of the spinal column. Most types of spinal fracture confer a significant risk of spinal cord injury .
Failed back syndrome is a significant, potentially disabling, result that can arise following invasive spine surgery to treat disc herniation. Smaller spine procedures such as endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy cannot cause failed back syndrome, because no bone is removed. [64]
The lumbar spine is often the site of back pain. The area is susceptible because of its flexibility and the amount of body weight it regularly bears. [2] It is estimated that low-back pain may affect as much as 80 to 90 percent of the general population in the United States. [3]
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra.It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture).This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors, [1] or infection. [2]
In a study from Norway the most common cause was falls and the relative incidence of cervical spine fracture increased significantly with age. [ 1 ] Sports that involve violent physical contact carry a risk of cervical fracture, including American football , association football (especially the goalkeeper ), ice hockey , rugby , and wrestling .
X-ray of the cervical spine with a Hangman's fracture. Left without, right with annotation. It can be seen clearly that C2 (red outline) is moved forward with respect to C3 (blue outline).
A 2005 review by Cohen concluded, 'The SI joint is a real yet underappreciated pain generator in an estimated 15% to 25% of patients with axial LBP'. [34] Studies by Ha, et al., show that the incidence of SI joint degeneration in post-lumbar fusion surgery is 75% at 5 years post-surgery, based on imaging. [ 35 ]
A coccyx fracture is a fracture of the coccyx, commonly called a broken tailbone or ‘puzzle fracture.’ The coccyx is located at the base of the spine , under the sacrum . It is the last section of the ape vertebral column .