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The Arabic alphabet, [a] or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, [b] of which most have contextual letterforms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case.
It consists of two subcorpora; one contains the English originals and the other their Arabic translations. As for the English subcorpus, it contains 3,794,677 word tokens, with 78,606 word types. The Arabic subcorpus has a slightly fewer word tokens (3,755,741), yet differs greatly in terms of the number of word types, which is 143,727.
The basic Arabic range encodes the standard letters and diacritics, but does not encode contextual forms (U+0621–U+0652 being directly based on ISO 8859-6); and also includes the most common diacritics and Arabic-Indic digits. The Arabic Supplement range encodes letter variants mostly used for writing African (non-Arabic) languages.
When the Arabic script is used to write Serbo-Croatian, Sorani, Kashmiri, Mandarin Chinese, or Uyghur, vowels are mandatory. The Arabic script can, therefore, be used as a true alphabet as well as an abjad , although it is often strongly, if erroneously, connected to the latter due to it being originally used only for Arabic.
The Arabic script used for Arabic and other languages in Asia and Africa is written right-to-left, top-to-bottom The Hebrew language is written right-to-left, top-to-bottom In a right-to-left, top-to-bottom script (commonly shortened to right to left or abbreviated RTL , RL-TB or Role ), writing starts from the right of the page and continues ...
Ruqʿah (Arabic: رُقعة) or Riqʿah (رِقعة) is a writing style of Arabic script intended for the rapid production of texts. It is a relatively simple and plain style, used for everyday writing and often used for signs. [1]
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) [3] is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [4] [5] and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard. [6]
Maghrebi letters appeared in the first known Arabic alphabet to have been printed, in a 1505 book of the Spanish lexicographer Pedro de Alcalá. [21] In Iberia, the Arabic script was used to write Romance languages such as Mozarabic, Portuguese, Spanish or Ladino. [22] This writing system was referred to as Aljamiado, from ʿajamiyah ...