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  2. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    The bond angles in the table below are ideal angles from the simple VSEPR theory (pronounced "Vesper Theory") [citation needed], followed by the actual angle for the example given in the following column where this differs. For many cases, such as trigonal pyramidal and bent, the actual angle for the example differs from the ideal angle, and ...

  3. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    Another example is O(SiH 3) 2 with an Si–O–Si angle of 144.1°, which compares to the angles in Cl 2 O (110.9°), (CH 3) 2 O (111.7°), and N(CH 3) 3 (110.9°). [24] Gillespie and Robinson rationalize the Si–O–Si bond angle based on the observed ability of a ligand's lone pair to most greatly repel other electron pairs when the ligand ...

  4. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  5. Molecular mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mechanics

    A force field is used to minimize the bond stretching energy of this ethane molecule.. Molecular mechanics uses classical mechanics to model molecular systems. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is assumed valid and the potential energy of all systems is calculated as a function of the nuclear coordinates using force fields.

  6. Flippin–Lodge angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flippin–Lodge_angle

    The Flippin–Lodge angle is one of two angles used by organic and biological chemists studying the relationship between a molecule's chemical structure and ways that it reacts, for reactions involving "attack" of an electron-rich reacting species, the nucleophile, on an electron-poor reacting species, the electrophile.

  7. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    Yet, clearly the bond angles between all these molecules deviate from their ideal geometries in different ways. Bent's rule can help elucidate these apparent discrepancies. [5] [20] [21] Electronegative substituents will have more p character. [5] [20] Bond angle has a proportional relationship with s character and an inverse relationship with ...

  8. LCP theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCP_theory

    In chemistry, ligand close packing theory (LCP theory), sometimes called the ligand close packing model describes how ligand – ligand repulsions affect the geometry around a central atom. [1] It has been developed by R. J. Gillespie and others from 1997 onwards [ 2 ] and is said to sit alongside VSEPR [ 1 ] which was originally developed by R ...

  9. Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_elementary...

    A common example of quantum numbers is the possible state of an electron in a central potential: (,,,), which corresponds to the eigenstate of observables (in terms of ), (magnitude of angular momentum), (angular momentum in -direction), and .