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[9] [10] At these frequencies, the Earth itself is used as the antenna's ground plane. The most common antenna is the mast radiator, a vertical mast mounted on the ground but insulated from it electrically. [9] ranging from about one-sixth to five-eighths wavelengths tall. [11]
Whips mounted on vehicles use the metal skin of the vehicle as a ground plane. In hand-held devices usually no explicit ground plane is provided, and the ground side of the antenna's feed line is just connected to the ground (common) on the device's circuit board. [2] Therefore, the radio itself serves as a rudimentary ground plane.
Ground plane A whip antenna with several rods extending horizontally from base of the whip in a star-shaped pattern, similar to an upside-down radiate crown. The radials at the monopole base form an elevated, artificial ground plane that gives the antenna its name. The ground plane rods attach to the ground wire of the feedline, the other wire ...
For a monopole antenna (a), the Earth acts as a ground plane to reflect radio waves directed downwards, making them seem to come from a virtual "image antenna" (b).In Telecommunications, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements.
The J-pole antenna is an end-fed omnidirectional half-wave antenna that is matched to the feedline by a shorted quarter-wave parallel transmission line stub. [5] [1] [6] For a transmitting antenna to operate efficiently, absorbing all the power provided by its feedline, the antenna must be impedance matched to the line; it must have a resistance equal to the feedline's characteristic impedance.
Counterpoises are typically used in antenna systems for radio transmitters where a good earth ground connection cannot be constructed.. Monopole antennas used at low frequencies, below 3 MHz, such as the mast radiator antennas used for AM broadcasting, require the radio transmitter to be electrically connected to the Earth under the antenna; this is called a ground (or earth).