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Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.
Spatial hearing loss can be diagnosed using the Listening in Spatialized Noise – Sentences test (LiSN-S), [25] which was designed to assess the ability of children with central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) to understand speech in background noise.
Symptoms include sudden permanent blindness, dilated pupils, and loss of the pupillary light reflex. [63] Retinal detachment* is caused in dogs by genetic disorders such as retinal dysplasia or Collie eye anomaly, trauma, inflammation or cancer. Reattachment may occur spontaneously or with medical or surgical therapy.
Amblyaudia can be conceptualized as the auditory analog of the better known central visual disorder amblyopia. The term “lazy ear” has been used to describe amblyaudia although it is currently not known whether it stems from deficits in the auditory periphery (middle ear or cochlea) or from other parts of the auditory system in the brain ...
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
It is often due to diffuse axonal injury and demyelination. There may be peripheral and central symptoms, such as reduced auditory understanding in a complex listening environment, central auditory processing disorder and auditory hallucination. [23] Hyperacusis, that is the hypersensitivity to environmental noise can also develop. [24]
They believed that the external environment influences the auditory hallucinations, showing worsening of symptoms in quieter environments than in noisier ones. [ 8 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Oliver Sacks' patient, Mrs. O'C, reported being in an "ocean of sound" despite being in a quiet room due to a small thrombosis or infarction in her right temporal lobe.
In most cases the disorder is transient and the symptoms mitigate into auditory agnosia (although chronic cases were reported [25]). Similarly, a monkey study [26] that ablated both auditory cortices of monkeys reported of deafness that lasted 1 week in all cases, and that was gradually mitigated into auditory agnosia in a period of 3–7 weeks.