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Nominals are a common feature of Indigenous Australian languages, many of which do not categorically differentiate nouns from adjectives. Some features of nominals in some Australian languages include: the ability to take grammatical case marking, the ability to function substantively (head a noun phrase), and
In linguistics, a grammatical category or grammatical feature is a property of items within the grammar of a language. Within each category there are two or more possible values (sometimes called grammemes), which are normally mutually exclusive. Frequently encountered grammatical categories include: Case, varying according to function.
Most Australian Aboriginal languages, such as Dyirbal; Certain Australian Aboriginal languages (e.g., Wangkumara) possess an intransitive case and an accusative case along with an ergative case, and lack an absolutive case; such languages are called tripartite languages or ergative–accusative languages.
Grammatical category, a grammatical feature such as tense, gender, etc. The definition of linguistic categories is a major concern of linguistic theory , and thus, the definition and naming of categories varies across different theoretical frameworks and grammatical traditions for different languages.
Perhaps the most noun classes in any Australian language are found in Yanyuwa, which has 16 noun classes, including nouns associated with food, trees and abstractions, in addition to separate classes for men and masculine things, women and feminine things. In the men's dialect, the classes for men and for masculine things have simplified to a ...
The three-way distinction with the addition of unit augmented is mostly found in Australian Aboriginal languages, more specifically non-Pama-Nyungan languages. [224] [j] Among the very few languages outside Australia it applies to is the Austronesian language Äiwoo [224] [237] and the Trans–New Guinea language of Kunimaipa. [224] [238]
His further work on Australian languages was published in Edible gender, mother-in-law style, and other grammatical wonders: Studies in Dyirbal, Yidiñ and Warrgamay, 2015. His further influential monographs include work on English grammar, especially A new approach to English grammar (1991, revised edition 2005), and Making New Words ...
In addition, in some languages, both nominative–accusative and ergative–absolutive systems may be used, split between different grammatical contexts, called split ergativity. The split may sometimes be linked to animacy, as in many Australian Aboriginal languages, or to aspect, as in Hindustani and Mayan languages.