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An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. [1] Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach.
This design is an efficient use of material as the cross section at mid-span is relatively narrow and the amount of concrete needed at the abutments is reduced. [4] The narrow section at mid-span gives the bridge profile a slight arch shape making this design particularly useful when large headroom is required.
An integral bridge contains no expansion joints, spanning monolithically from abutment to abutment. [1] Movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or braking loads is accommodated by the end walls or abutments. [2] [3] Where intermediate supports are specified (e.g. bridge piers) these may also serve to resist thermal expansion movements ...
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports.
Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end. [1] No moments are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as simply supported. The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see log bridge), a wood plank, or a stone slab (see clapper bridge) laid
Cable-stayed bridge and Suspension bridge: 1,408 m (4,619 ft) Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, [2] Istanbul: Cantilever bridge: 549 m (Quebec bridge) 1042.6 m (Forth Bridge) Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge: Clapper bridge: Covered bridge: Girder bridge: Continuous span girder bridge Integral bridge: Extradosed bridge: 1,920 m Arrah–Chhapra ...
Colorado Street Bridge, an example of a false skew arch. The strength of a regular arch (also known as a "square" or "right" arch) comes from the fact that the mass of the structure and its superincumbent load cause lines of force that are carried by the stones into the ground and the abutments without producing any tendency for the stones to slide with respect to one another.
The 1865 and 1897 abutments are examples of masonry bridge abutments from the 19th Century and as such, are important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of this type of structure. They are wide, massive structures set into the banks of the river. Masonry parapet walls run along the edges at the top.