Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Expectancy–value theory has been developed in many different fields including education, health, communications, marketing and economics. Although the model differs in its meaning and implications for each field, the general idea is that there are expectations as well as values or beliefs that affect subsequent behavior.
Perceived behavioral control refers to the degree to which a person believes that he or she can perform a given behavior. [1] Perceived behavioral control involves the perception of the individual's own ability to perform the behavior. In other words, perceived behavioral control is behavior- or goal-specific.
Each functional component of an umwelt has a meaning that represents the organism's model of the world. These functional components correspond approximately to perceptual features, [6] as described by Anne Treisman. It is also the semiotic world of the organism, including all the meaningful aspects of the world for any particular organism. It ...
Value theory investigates the nature, sources, and types of values in general. [1] Some philosophers understand value theory as a subdiscipline of ethics. This is based on the idea that what people should do is affected by value considerations but not necessarily limited to them. [6] Another view sees ethics as a subdiscipline of value theory.
Perspectivism may be regarded as an early form of epistemological pluralism, [2] though in some accounts includes treatment of value theory, [3] moral psychology, [4] and realist metaphysics. [ 5 ] Early forms of perspectivism have been identified in the philosophies of Protagoras , Michel de Montaigne , and Gottfried Leibniz .
In 1979, Daniel Kahneman and his associate Amos Tversky originally coined the term "loss aversion" in their initial proposal of prospect theory as an alternative descriptive model of decision making under risk. [5] "The response to losses is stronger than the response to corresponding gains" is Kahneman's definition of loss aversion.
In value theory, individual values may align with, or conflict against one another, often visualised in a circular diagram where opposing poles indicate values that are in conflict. An expanded framework of 19 distinct values was presented from Schwartz and colleagues in a 2012 publication, creating on the theory of basic values.
Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...