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Sporophytes are raised on stalks to facilitate spore dispersal, but unlike other mosses, Sphagnum stalks are produced by the maternal gametophyte. Tetrahedral haploid spores are produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, which are then dispersed when the capsule explosively discharges its cap, called an operculum , and shoots the spores some distance.
The smooth spores measure 24–27 μm in diameter [7] and are produced in greater abundance than in other Sphagnum species. [ 13 ] The species releases spores through an 'air-gun' mechanism, launching them 15 cm (5.9 in) high at speeds up to 3.6 m (12 ft) per second (about 8 miles per hour).
The species uses an 'air gun' dispersal mechanism, where spores are explosively discharged from the capsule by built-up air pressure (approximately 5 x 10 5 Pascals) during warm, dry conditions. S. squarrosum ' s large capsules are particularly effective at this dispersal method, shooting spores higher into the air than smaller-capsuled species ...
In leptosporangiate ferns, the fern catapults its spores 1-2 cm so they can be picked up by a second dispersal vector, often the wind. [4]Autochory is the dispersal of diaspores, which are dispersal units consisting of seeds or spores, using only the energy provided by the diaspore or the parent plant. [5]
Most mosses rely on the wind to disperse the spores. In the genus Sphagnum the spores are projected about 10–20 cm (4–8 in) off the ground by compressed air contained in the capsules; the spores are accelerated to about 36,000 times the earth's gravitational acceleration g. [23] [24]
Hygromorphy is a common mechanism of seed dispersal as the movement of dead tissues respond to hygrometric variation, [11] e.g. spore release from the fertile margins of Onoclea sensibilis. Movement occurs when plant tissue matures, dies and desiccates, cell walls drying, shrinking; [ 12 ] and also when humidity re-hydrates plant tissue, cell ...
Sphagnum palustre is invading the native habitat at Ka'ala, O'ahu, Hawai'i. It became established after a sample was brought to the island by a botanist in 1960. Although the environment does not allow the plant to reproduce sexually via spores, it is capable of spreading through vegetative reproduction. It currently occupies an area estimated ...
Sphagnum rubellum, commonly known as the red peat moss, [1] is a species of peat moss in the family Sphagnaceae. It forms low, reddish cushions in wet areas like bogs and poor fens across North America and Eurasia, particularly in regions with oceanic climates .