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Daṇḍa" (Sanskrit: दण्ड, literally 'stick', 'staff', or 'rod', an ancient symbol of authority) [1] is the Hindu term for punishment. In ancient India, the ruler generally sanctioned punishments but other legal officials could also play a part. Punishments were handed out in response to criminal activity.
Other scholars have expressed the same view, based on epigraphical, archaeological and textual evidence from medieval Hindu kingdoms in Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, while acknowledging that Manusmriti was influential to the South Asian history of law and was a theoretical resource.
The punishment for glorifying sati is a minimum one-year sentence that can be increased to seven years in prison and a minimum fine of 5,000 rupees that can be increased to 30,000 rupees. [159] This Section of the Act has become heavily criticised by both sides of the Sati debate.
The classical texts of Hinduism devote numerous chapters to discussing what people who practice the virtue of ahimsa can and must do when faced with war, violent threat, or the need to sentence someone convicted of a crime. These discussions have led to theories of just war, ideas of reasonable self-defense, and views of proportionate punishment.
[1] [2] The earliest Dharmashastras, such as Baudhayana (~600 BCE) further take up the discussion of statecraft and state-organization in various subchapters. The Mahabharata , one of the two Epics of Ancient India mentions various schools of statecraft ( daṇḍanīti or rājaśāstra ) and gives a list of political theorists in the ...
The texts viewed households and families as the archetype of community, "an exemplary institution of religious and legal reflection of Hindu jurisprudence". [3] Thus, Hindu jurisprudence portrayed the household, not the state, as the primary institution of law. [3] Connectedly, the household is the institution to which Hindu law is most applied.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar [a] (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) pronunciation ⓘ was an Indian politician, activist and writer. Savarkar developed the Hindu nationalist political ideology of Hindutva while confined at Ratnagiri in 1922.
The Hindu literature on Prayaschitta is extensive, and most commonly found in the Dharma-related literature as well as the Epics and Puranas. [4] [5] The earliest mentions are found in the Vedas, [4] such as in the Brahmana layer of text in the Samaveda. [5] The Smritis of Hinduism do not offer a consistent theory of prāyaścittas. They differ ...