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A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. These sequences are of interest for their potential to regulate gene production. [1] CNSs in plants [2] and animals [1] are highly associated with transcription factor binding sites and other cis-acting regulatory elements.
Copy number analysis is the process of analyzing data produced by a test for DNA copy number variation in an organism's sample. One application of such analysis is the detection of chromosomal copy number variation that may cause or may increase risks of various critical disorders.
The aminopeptidase test analyzes bacteria for the production of the enzyme L-alanine-aminopeptidase, an enzyme found in many gram-negative bacteria. Adding L-Alanine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride to a bacterial culture works as an indicator, changing to a yellow color in the presence of L-alanine-aminopeptidase.
Universal 16S bacterial primers have been used successfully to isolate cyanobacterial rDNA from environmental samples, but they also recover many bacterial sequences. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The use of cyanobacteria-specific [ 20 ] or phyto-specific 16S markers is commonly used for focusing on cyanobacteria only. [ 21 ]
The resonance Raman spectra of DNA can be used to identify bacterial DNA in living cells, and to quantitate DNA under different culture conditions, and even to distinguish different bacterial species. [8] Viruses have also been studied using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy; the method has the capability to separately interrogate the structure ...
Ribotyping is a molecular technique for bacterial identification and characterization that uses information from rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses. [1] It is a rapid and specific method widely used in clinical diagnostics and analysis of microbial communities in food, water, and beverages.
Experimental approaches of determining the structure of nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, can be largely classified into biophysical and biochemical methods. Biophysical methods use the fundamental physical properties of molecules for structure determination, including X-ray crystallography, NMR and cryo-EM.
The polymerase is a monomeric protein with two distinct functional domains. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments support the proposition that this protein displays a structural and functional similarity to the Klenow fragment of the Escherichia coli Polymerase I enzyme; [3] it comprises a C-terminal polymerase domain and a spatially separated N-terminal domain with a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.