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Censorship is controlled by the Government of Russia and by civil society in the Russian Federation, applying to the content and the diffusion of information, printed documents, music, works of art, cinema and photography, radio and television, web sites and portals, and in some cases private correspondence, with the aim of limiting or preventing the dissemination of ideas and information that ...
The history of censorship in the Russia began long before the emergence of the empire. The first book containing an index of prohibited works dates to the year 1073, in Kievan Rus. For several centuries these were mere translations of censorship lists from other languages; the first authentic old Russian censorship index was created only in the ...
In April–July 2022, the Russian authorities put several Wikipedia articles on their list of forbidden sites, [106] [107] [108] and then ordered search engines to mark Wikipedia as a violator of Russian laws. [109] Russian authorities have blocked or removed about 138,000 websites since Russia began its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. [110]
Media inside Russia includes television and radio channels, periodicals, and Internet media, which according to the laws of the Russian Federation may be either state or private property. As of 2023, Russia ranked 164 out of 180 countries in the Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders. [2]
The outright prohibition of censorship was enshrined in Article 29 of the new 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. [25] This however has been the subject of ongoing controversy in contemporary Russia owing to heightened governmental interventions restricting access to information for Russian citizens, including internet censorship .
The Bureau of Censorship (Russian: Цензурный комитет) was a bureau set up in the Ministry of Education of the Russian Empire following the passage of an enabling law on July 9, 1804. The censorship statute read, in part: [1] 1. The Censor has the duty to consider all manner of books and literary works intended for public ...
Russian censorship can refer to: Censorship in the Russian Empire; Censorship in the Soviet Union; Censorship in the Russian Federation. Russian government censorship of Chechnya coverage; Internet censorship in Russia
Censorship is often used to impose moral values on society, as in the censorship of material considered obscene. English novelist E. M. Forster was a staunch opponent of censoring material on the grounds that it was obscene or immoral, raising the issue of moral subjectivity and the constant changing of moral values.