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Allantoin is present in botanical extracts of the comfrey plant and in the urine of most mammals. Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is safe, non-toxic, compatible with cosmetic raw materials and meets CTFA and JSCI requirements. Over 10,000 patents reference allantoin. [18]
Ingredients of cosmetic products are listed following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). These INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names. The below tables are sorted as follows:
In the U.S., under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, certain accurate information is a requirement to appear on labels of cosmetic products. [6] In Canada, the regulatory guideline is the Cosmetic Regulations. [7] Ingredient names must comply by law with EU requirements by using INCI names. [8]
Castor oil and its derivatives are found in many cosmetics as it is "non-comedogenic" (does not exacerbate or contribute to acne). [3]Cerebrosides (cells from the nervous systems of cattle or swine) were once used in some high-end skin-care products to increase moisture retention and to create a smooth skin surface, [4] however the BSE controversy has put an end to this practice.
It is a crystalline acid obtained by hydrolysis of allantoin. In nature, allantoic acid is produced from allantoin by the enzyme allantoinase (encoded by the gene AllB ( Uniprot : P77671 ) in Escherichia coli and other bacteria ).
There is currently no regulation over use of the term "hypoallergenic", and even pediatric skin products with the label were found to still contain allergens. [13] Those with eczema are especially vulnerable to an allergic reaction with lotion, as their compromised skin barrier allows preservatives to bind with and activate immune cells. [14]
Some people have a contact allergy to imidazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis. [3] Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea. In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades.
In cosmetics, skin toner or simply toner refers to a water-based lotion, tonic, or wash designed to cleanse the skin and prepare it for other skincare products, such as moisturizers and serums. [1] Typically used on the face, toners remove any remaining impurities after cleansing, balance the skin’s pH, and hydrate the skin. [2]