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MT-ATP8 (or ATP8) is a mitochondrial gene with the full name 'mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 8' that encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, ATP synthase F o subunit 8 (or subunit A6L). This subunit belongs to the F o complex of the large, transmembrane F-type ATP synthase. [5]
Structure of a flippase, showing the two major subunits of the enzyme. Flippases are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins located in the cell membrane.They are responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two layers, or leaflets, that compose the membrane (transverse diffusion, also known as a "flip-flop" transition).
The γ subunit allows β to go through conformational changes (i.e., closed, half open, and open states) that allow for ATP to be bound and released once synthesized. The F 1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining. [ 8 ]
The alpha and beta subunits form a cylinder that is attached to the central stalk. The alpha/beta subunits undergo a sequence of conformational changes leading to the formation of ATP from ADP, which are induced by the rotation of the gamma subunit, itself is driven by the movement of protons through the Fo complex C subunit. [7]
Lipid A is an endotoxin and so loss of MsbA from the cell membrane or mutations that disrupt transport results in the accumulation of lipid A in the inner cell membrane resulting to cell death. It is a close bacterial homolog of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) by protein sequence homology and has overlapping substrate specificities with the MDR-ABC ...
With respect to the MT-ATP6 reading frame (+3), the MT-ATP8 gene ends in the +1 reading frame with a TAG stop codon. The MT-ATP6 protein weighs 24.8 kDa and is composed of 226 amino acids . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The protein is a subunit of the F 1 F o ATPase, also known as Complex V , which consists of 14 nuclear- and 2 mitochondrial-encoded subunits.
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.
The α subunit is close to the subunit b 2 and makes up the stalk that connects the transmembrane subunits to the α3β3 and δ subunits. F-ATP synthases are identical in appearance and function except for the mitochondrial F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase, which contains 7-9 additional subunits.