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Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.
Tick-borne diseases, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents transmitted by tick bites. [1] They are caused by infection with a variety of pathogens , including rickettsia and other types of bacteria , viruses , and protozoa . [ 2 ]
The ticks that transmit Lyme disease are hard ticks. [4] Ticks often have a preferred host, but may still attach to a different host when called for. Their preferred host may change depending on the tick's stage of development (eg larval vs adult) and the host may or may not carry the transmittable pathogen. [3]
Babesia, [3] [4] also called Nuttallia, [5] is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks.Originally discovered by Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888; over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified.
Ticks transmit the human strain of babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease. [5] After trypanosomes, Babesia is thought to be the second-most common blood parasite of mammals. They can have major adverse effects on the health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters.
Dermacentor albipictus, the winter tick, is a species of hard tick that parasitizes many different mammal species in North America.It is commonly associated with cervid species such as elk (Cervus canadensis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (O. hemionus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) but is primarily known as a serious pest of moose (Alces alces).
Alpha-gal syndrome, a tick-borne illness, is shaping up to be the new Lyme disease. Learn more about the disease and why it has doctors perplexed. Alpha-gal syndrome, a tick-borne illness, is ...
The term grass tick is usually used to refer to the smaller stages of Ixodes holocyclus, but the term delivers little useful information because any tick can be found in the grass. Seed tick: Larva The term seed tick usually is used to refer to the smallest stage of Ixodes holocyclus. Shower tick: Larva