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Cryptorchidism occurs at a much higher rate in a large number of congenital malformation syndromes. Among the more common are Down syndrome, [8] Prader–Willi syndrome, and Noonan syndrome. In vitro fertilization, use of cosmetics by the mother, and pre-eclampsia have also been recognized as risk factors for development of cryptorchidism. [11]
The condition occurs in males and consists of normal-functioning reproductive organs and gonads, but also female reproductive organs such as the uterus and the fallopian tubes. The fetus has two sets of tubes which give rise to accessory reproductive organs - the (Wolffian) mesonephric ducts and the (Müllerian) paramesonephric ducts .
Cryptorchidism-arachnodactyly-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare multi-systemic genetic disorder of unknown prevalence which is characterized by psycho-motor developmental delay, severe intellectual disabilities, severe muscle hypoplasia, absence of subcutaneous fat, generalized contractures, dolichocephaly, esotropia, asymmetric ears, and high palate, kyphoscoliosis, unilateral ...
The most common presentation of testicular cancer is a hard, painless lump which can be felt on one of the testis. It is either noticed by a clinician during a routine examination, or the patient themselves. Risk factors for TC include cryptorchidism, family history, and previous testicular cancer. A diagnosis is confirmed in various ways.
[2] [3] [4] If left untreated, people will have poorly defined secondary sexual characteristics, show signs of hypogonadism, almost invariably are infertile and are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis. [2] A range of other physical symptoms affecting the face, hands and skeletal system can also occur. [3]
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
Cryptorchidism, or "undescended testicles", is when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum of an infant boy. [30] Testicular enlargement is an unspecific sign of various testicular diseases, and can be defined as a testicular size of more than 5 cm × 3 cm (short axis). [42]
These genetic abnormalities occur during the prenatal stage of an individual's fetal development. During this stage, genetic mutations can result from endocrine disrupters in the mother's diet or environmental factors. [18] The general causes of sexual anomalies can not be outlined due to the high variability of each individual's situations.