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The Native American Church (NAC), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native American beliefs and elements of Christianity, especially pertaining to the Ten Commandments, with sacramental use of the entheogen peyote. [2]
John Wilson, Indian Territory, ca. 1900 [1] "John Wilson the Revealer of Peyote" [2] (c.1845–1901) was a Caddo medicine man who introduced the Peyote plant into a religion, became a major leader in the Ghost Dance, and introduced a new peyote ceremony with teachings of Christ. [3]
The ceremony typically lasts all night and includes prayer, singing, the sacramental eating of peyote, water rites and spiritual contemplation. Morgan Tosee, a member of the Comanche Nation who leads ceremonies within the Comanche Native American Church, said peyote is utilized in the context of prayer — not smoked — as many tend to imagine.
Peyote embodies the Creator’s spirit. Darrell Red Cloud, who is Oglala Lakota, remembers at age 4 using peyote and singing ceremonial songs at all-night peyote ceremonies with his family. Peyote has always been about forging a connection with the Creator, said Red Cloud.
A peyote ceremony tipi used by members of the Native American Church Peyote is illegal in the United States and is classified as a Schedule One Drug. In Employment Division v. Smith (1990), the Court ruled against the Native American Church and its members' use of Peyote for religious ceremonies.
The peyote religion proved popular, with despairing missionaries commenting in the 1930s that most of their members would attend Christian sermons and yet practice peyote beliefs.[64] At the turn of the millennium it is believed that around one hundred peyote ceremonies are performed on the Crow reservation each year. [64]
The Ghost Dance of 1889–1891, depicting the Oglala at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, by Frederic Remington in 1890. The Ghost Dance (Caddo: Nanissáanah, [1] also called the Ghost Dance of 1890) is a ceremony incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems.
In the Netherlands, there are psychedelic society retreats ranging in cost from $500–1200 that center on a ceremony in which tourists take magic mushrooms and trip together for around six hours. [107]