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AT&T 2 wire rhombic in Dixon, California, in 1937, used for telephone service to Shanghai, China. The rhombic antenna was designed in 1931 by Edmond Bruce [1] and Harald Friis, [2] [3] It was mostly commonly used in the high frequency (HF) or shortwave band as a broadband directional antenna.
The rhombic is a travelling wave antenna, Each segment of the rhombus has a radiation pattern as shown (grey) having two lobes pointed forward at a certain angle. By making the corner angle equal to twice the tilt angle, the main lobes of each of the 4 sides point in the same direction and reinforce each other, increasing the gain.
Unlike the 'T' antenna, both the vertical and horizontal wires radiate, with their respective radiation being vertically and horizontally polarized, and their combined radiation diagonally polarized, usually at a steep angle. Although all parts of the antenna radiate, the strongest radiation comes from the vertical wire, so the horizontal wire ...
Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
Edmond Bruce (September 28, 1899 – November 28, 1973) was an American radio pioneer best known for creating the rhombic antenna and Bruce array.. Bruce was born in Saint Louis, Missouri, and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Brooklyn, and Washington, D.C.
Omnidirectional radiation patterns are produced by the simplest practical antennas, monopole and dipole antennas, consisting of one or two straight rod conductors on a common axis. Antenna gain (G) is defined as antenna efficiency (e) multiplied by antenna directivity (D) which is expressed mathematically as: =.
E-plane plate lens antenna of the target tracking radar for the US Air Force Nike Ajax anti-aircraft missile, 1954 Dielectric lens/horn antenna in the Atacama Millimeter Array radio telescope A lens antenna is a directional antenna that uses a shaped piece of microwave -transparent material to bend and focus microwaves by refraction , as an ...
The simplest way is mechanical beam tilt, where the antenna is physically mounted in such a manner as to lower the angle of the signal on one side. However, this also raises it on the other side, making it useful in only very limited situations. Horizontal and vertical radiation patterns, the latter with a pronounced downward beam tilt