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An American breeder, Richard Gradwohl, has developed eighteen different strains of miniature cattle. [3] Miniature Galloway, Hereford and Holstein have been bred. [2]: 245 [3] In the United States, small zebuine cattle deriving from stock imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden may be registered as "Miniature Zebu"; [2]: 245 Similar cattle are known as "Nadudana" in Australia. [14]
A breed society, the American Jersey Cattle Club, was formed in 1868. In the USA, a distinction is sometimes made between the "American Jersey", which is comparatively coarse and large and has been selectively bred mainly for milk yield, and the original or "Island" type; [1]: 212 the latter may also be called "Miniature Jersey". [9] [10]
The horns are unusually large, with a wide spread [2]: 110 and the largest circumference found in any cattle breed. Guinness World Records lists a bull named CT Woodie with a horn circumference of 103.5 cm (40.7 in) and a steer named Lurch, with horns measuring 95.25 cm (37.50 in), as record-holders.
Cow with calf (standing behind her, parts of its body creating the illusion of supernumerary teats "on" the mother). The cattle are generally small, with weights in the range 360–550 kg (800–1200 lb) for bulls and 270–360 kg (600–800 lb) for cows; in the past there was a still smaller or dwarf type within the breed, known as the Guinea, which weighed about 230 kg (500 lb) or less.
Heifers should have correct leg structure and be strong in their pasterns. If a heifer struggles to walk as a young animal, it will likely become weaker as it ages. The third category is frame, which refers to the heifer’s overall stature. Heifers should have a correct rump shape, a straight top-line, and a natural uphill stance when walking.
Channel Island cattle is a collective name for the breeds of cattle developed in the Channel Islands located between England and France. The breeds which can be so described are the Jersey , the Guernsey and the Alderney .
The Danish Jersey is a modern Danish breed of dairy cattle. It derives from approximately 5200 head of Jersey cattle imported to Denmark from the island of Jersey between about 1896 and 1909. It is the most numerous population of Jersey cattle in Europe and constitutes approximately 13% of the Danish dairy herd. [3]: 166 Danish Jersey
Cattle raised for human consumption are called beef cattle. Within the beef cattle industry in parts of the United States, the term beef (plural beeves) is still used in its archaic sense to refer to an animal of either sex. Cows of certain breeds that are kept for the milk they give are called dairy cows or milking cows (formerly milch cows).