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Azathioprine, sold under the brand name Imuran, among others, is an immunosuppressive medication. [5] It is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , granulomatosis with polyangiitis , Crohn's disease , ulcerative colitis , and systemic lupus erythematosus , and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection .
A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response.TNF is involved in autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and refractory asthma, so TNF inhibitors may be used in their ...
Indications [1] [2] [4] Major toxicities [1] [2] [4] [5] 1. Cytotoxic antineoplastics: 1.01 Nucleoside analogues: Azacitidine: SC, IV: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and incorporates itself into RNA, hence inhibiting gene expression. [6] Myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia
Azathioprine and 6-MP may be useful for the following indications: Maintenance therapy with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine may lead people with active Crohn's to take less steroid medication. This may lower side effects related to steroid treatments. [9] Fistulizing disease [11] Maintenance of remission after surgery for Crohn's disease [12]
Azathioprine (Prometheus' Imuran), is the main immunosuppressive cytotoxic substance. It is extensively used to control transplant rejection reactions. It is nonenzymatically cleaved to mercaptopurine, that acts as a purine analogue and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Mercaptopurine itself can also be administered directly.
Mycophenolate is potent and can, in many contexts, be used in place of the older anti-proliferative azathioprine. [40] It is usually used as part of a three-compound regimen of immunosuppressants, also including a calcineurin inhibitor (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and a glucocorticoid (e.g. dexamethasone or prednisone). [41]
azathioprine: Purine synthesis inhibitor: unknown baricitinib: JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor tsDMARD certolizumab pegol: TNF inhibitor: bDMARD chloroquine (anti-malarial) Suppression of IL-1, induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells and decrease chemotaxis: unknown ciclosporin (Cyclosporin A) calcineurin inhibitor: unknown D-penicillamine (seldom used ...
Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. [2] The risk is especially high in cytotoxic chemotherapy for leukemia. In the case of non-small-cell lung cancer, myelosuppression predisposition was shown to be modulated by enhancer mutations. [3]