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In computer science, a heartbeat is a periodic signal generated by hardware or software to indicate normal operation or to synchronize other parts of a computer system. [1] [2] Heartbeat mechanism is one of the common techniques in mission critical systems for providing high availability and fault tolerance of network services by detecting the network or systems failures of nodes or daemons ...
Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to maintain proper operation despite failures or faults in one or more of its components. This capability is essential for high-availability, mission-critical, or even life-critical systems. Fault tolerance specifically refers to a system's capability to handle faults without any degradation or downtime.
In computer science, state machine replication (SMR) or state machine approach is a general method for implementing a fault-tolerant service by replicating servers and coordinating client interactions with server replicas. The approach also provides a framework for understanding and designing replication management protocols.
The need to control software fault is one of the most rising challenges facing software industries today. Fault tolerance must be a key consideration in the early stage of software development. There exist different mechanisms for software fault tolerance, among which: Recovery blocks; N-version software; Self-checking software
State machine safety: if a server has applied a particular log entry to its state machine, then no other server may apply a different command for the same log. The first four rules are guaranteed by the details of the algorithm described in the previous section. The State Machine Safety is guaranteed by a restriction on the election process.
Microsoft uses Paxos in the Autopilot cluster management service from Bing, and in Windows Server Failover Clustering. [31] WANdisco have implemented Paxos within their DConE active-active replication technology. [32] XtreemFS uses a Paxos-based lease negotiation algorithm for fault-tolerant and consistent replication of file data and metadata ...
A fault-tolerant computer system can be achieved at the internal component level, at the system level (multiple machines), or site level (replication). One would normally deploy a load balancer to ensure high availability for a server cluster at the system level. [ 3 ]
In June 2002, Stratus introduced the ftServer line of Intel-based servers, running Microsoft Windows 2000 and higher. The Stratus ftServer line sold today supports Windows Server, VMware vSphere, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. [7] The company sells models of ftServer designated as entry-level, mid-range and enterprise-class fault tolerant servers.