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The Assessors of Maat were 42 minor ancient Egyptian deities of the Maat charged with judging the souls of the dead in the afterlife by joining the judgment of Osiris in the Weighing of the Heart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Maat or Maʽat (Egyptian: mꜣꜥt /ˈmuʀʕat/, Coptic: ⲙⲉⲓ) [1] comprised the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Maat was also the goddess who personified these concepts, and regulated the stars , seasons , and the actions of mortals and the deities who had brought order from chaos ...
Papyrus of Ani: some of the 42 Judges of Maat are visible, seated and in small size. The Weighing of the Heart as depicted in the Papyrus of Hunefer (19th Dynasty, c. 1300 BC) The deceased's first task was to correctly address each of the forty-two Assessors of Maat by name, while reciting the sins they did not commit during their lifetime. [ 44 ]
Except for the few deities who disrupted the divine order, [42] the gods' actions maintained maat and created and sustained all living things. [41] They did this work using a force the Egyptians called heka, a term usually translated as "magic". Heka was a fundamental power that the creator god used to form the world and the gods themselves. [54]
All three form a consubstantial unity. Without the created Universe, Life and Maat cannot exist and without Life and Maat, the Universe cannot be created. On the earthly plane, in his nurturing role, Pharaoh is the one who institutes life. He is the one who organizes the agriculture and the breeding by guaranteeing the good distribution of the ...
The epitome of the concept in Ancient Egyptian religion was the eponymous goddess Maat and her symbol the ostrich feather. As a result, the respect of rules of all kinds by each individual was synonymous with support and maintenance of the cosmic order, while their non-observance could lead to its disruption.
In India, the Edicts of Ashoka (269–236 BC) were followed by the Law of Manu (200 BC). In ancient China, the first comprehensive criminal code was the Tang Code, created in 624 AD in the Tang Dynasty. The following is a list of ancient legal codes in chronological order: Cuneiform law. The code of law found at Ebla (2400 BC)
These rituals, it was believed, sustained the god and allowed it to continue to play its proper role in nature. They were therefore a key part of the maintenance of maat, the ideal order of nature and of human society in Egyptian belief. [4] Maintaining maat was the entire purpose of Egyptian religion, [5] and it was the purpose of a temple as ...