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Neoplatonism was a major influence on Christian theology throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages in the East, and sometimes in the West as well. In the East, major Greek Fathers like Basil, Gregory of Nyssa and Gregory of Nazianzus were influenced by Platonism and Neoplatonism, but also Stoicism often leading towards asceticism and harsh treatment of the body, for example stylite asceticism.
Plotinus (/ p l ɒ ˈ t aɪ n ə s /; Ancient Greek: Πλωτῖνος, Plōtînos; c. 204/5 – 270 CE) was a Greek Platonist philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt.Plotinus is regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neoplatonism.
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion. [1] [note 1] [note 2] The term does not encapsulate a set of ideas as much as a series of thinkers.
Platonism has had some influence on Christianity through Clement of Alexandria and Origen, [9] and the Cappadocian Fathers. [17] St. Augustine was heavily influenced by Platonism as well, which he encountered through the Latin translations of Marius Victorinus of the works of Porphyry and/or Plotinus. [9]
The great chain of being (from Latin scala naturae 'ladder of being') is a concept derived from Plato, Aristotle (in his Historia Animalium), Plotinus and Proclus. [4] Further developed during the Middle Ages, it reached full expression in early modern Neoplatonism. [5] [6]
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Plotinus; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Plotinus; Plotinian Bibliography 2001- by Richard Dufour (French and English versions), continues his research presented in Plotinus: a Bibliography 1950-2000, referred above. Links to Enneads, treatises, and chapters in English, Greek, and French for quick ...
Christianity and Hellenistic philosophies experienced complex interactions during the first to the fourth centuries. As Christianity spread throughout the Hellenic world , an increasing number of church leaders were educated in Greek philosophy .
"Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism" (1936) is the title of Albert Camus' thesis that would obtain for him permission to teach in the secondary schools of France. It was published when Camus was 23 years old.