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Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which signals propagate in one direction from dendrites to axons, and migrating cells. Furthermore, cell polarity is important during many types of asymmetric cell division to set up functional asymmetries between ...
Epithelial polarity is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. Epithelial cells feature distinct 'apical', 'lateral' and 'basal' plasma membrane domains. Epithelial cells connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form epithelial sheets that line cavities and surfaces throughout the ...
Polarized light microscopy can mean any of a number of optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light. Simple techniques include illumination of the sample with polarized light. Directly transmitted light can, optionally, be blocked with a polariser oriented at 90 degrees to the illumination. More complex microscopy techniques which ...
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophages adopt different functional programs in response to the signals from their microenvironment. This ability is connected to their multiple roles in the organism: they are powerful effector cells of the innate immune system, but also important in removal of cellular debris, embryonic development and tissue repair.
Pockels cells can be used for quantum key distribution by polarizing photons. Pockels cells in conjunction with other EO elements can be combined to form electro-optic probes. A Pockels cell was used by MCA Disco-Vision (DiscoVision) engineers in the optical videodisc mastering system. Light from an argon-ion laser was passed through the ...
Photobiology is the scientific study of the beneficial and harmful interactions of light (technically, non-ionizing radiation) in living organisms. [1] The field includes the study of photophysics, photochemistry, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual processing, circadian rhythms, photomovement, bioluminescence, and ultraviolet radiation effects.
This happens typically when polarized light probes an anisotropic specimen, and when this interaction modifies the state of polarization of light. In that case, the interaction needs to be described by the Jones formalism , [ 23 ] where field and object are described by a two-component complex vector and a 2×2 complex matrix respectively.
Planar cell polarity was first described in insects and then further defined in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster).Some of the earlier work on gene controlled polarity of fly wings was published by D. Gubb and A. García-Bellido in 1982 describing how the mutation of some genes resulted in a morphology change in the cuticle orientation on the fly body. [6]