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For most people, the best treatment of corns and calluses is to eliminate the source of friction or pressure. [5] Ingrown toe nail is a disorder where the nail starts to grow into the soft fleshy area of the toe. It causes intense redness, pain and swelling. Ingrown toe nails often affect the big toe.
Growing older or having poor biomechanics, which are more common in the elderly (e.g., toes that overlap and underlap; incompatibility between the foot and the shoe; or digiti flexi, which is characterized by contracted toes due to toe buckling caused by shortening of the controlling muscles), may be contributing factors. [3]
Nail bracing is more conservative than surgery, but less widely used. Nail braces work by gently lifting the sides of the toenail and eventually retraining the nail to grow to a flatter shape over time. The total time needed for the nail to be reshaped is one full nail growth or about 18 months. [12]
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
The cause is poorly understood due to a lack of research, but genome-wide scans indicate that it is a heritable trait, and could be autosomal dominant. [4] However, the wide variance in the size and structure of the accessory nail indicates that the trait may not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance, and may instead be a complex trait affected by multiple genes with minor genetic effects.
The exact cause of subungual melanomas is not known, but it doesn’t seem to be linked to sun exposure. Having certain characteristics, including an age between 50 to 70, darker skin, and a ...
Median nail dystrophy, also known as dystrophia unguis mediana canaliformis, median canaliform dystrophy of Heller, [1]: 657 and solenonychia consists of longitudinal splitting or canal formation in the midline of the nail, a split which often resembles a fir tree, occurring at the cuticle and proceeding outward as the nail grows.
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