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This risk factor elevates the risk of contracting T-cell lymphoma. [2] Several infectious agents have been linked to a higher risk of T-cell lymphoma by providing a compromised immune function allowing the establishment of lymphomas. Of these, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV1) are considered established risks. [8]
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells [1] [2] [3] caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (). [4] All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role of the virus in the cause of the neoplasm. [4]
Estimates place the worldwide risk of cancers from infectious causes at 16.1%. [1] Viral infections are risk factors for cervical cancer, 80% of liver cancers, and 15–20% of the other cancers. [2] This proportion varies in different regions of the world from a high of 32.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa to 3.3% in Australia and New Zealand. [1]
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow. [6] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a condition, wherein immature white blood cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out normal white blood cells. [7]
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common forms of blood cancer.1 The American Cancer Society estimates that about 81,560 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with NHL and about ...
Aggressive lymphoma, also known as high-grade lymphoma, is a group of fast growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [1]There are several subtypes of aggressive lymphoma. These include AIDS-associated lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. [1]
The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [ 7 ] In addition to cure-directed treatment, people can benefit from self-care to manage symptoms.
The estimated lifetime risk of ATL among people with HTLV-1 infection is approximately 5%, while that of HAM/TSP is approximately 2%. [1] [2] [3] In 1977, Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) was first described in a case series of individuals from Japan. [4] The symptoms of ATL were different from other lymphomas known at the time.