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  2. Eukaryotic translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation

    The elongation and membrane targeting stages of eukaryotic translation. The ribosome is green and yellow, the tRNAs are dark-blue, and the other proteins involved are light-blue. Elongation depends on eukaryotic elongation factors. At the end of the initiation step, the mRNA is positioned so that the next codon can be translated during the ...

  3. Telomeres in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle

    Resolving the question of why cancer cells have short telomeres led to the development of a two-stage model for how cancer cells subvert telomeric regulation of the cell cycle. First, the DNA damage checkpoint must be inactivated to allow cells to continue dividing even when telomeres pass the critical length threshold.

  4. Kozak consensus sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozak_consensus_sequence

    Once the 80S ribosome complex is formed then the elongation phase of translation starts. The first start codon closest to the 5′ end of the strand is not always recognized if it is not contained in a Kozak-like sequence. Lmx1b is an example of a gene with a weak Kozak consensus sequence. [22]

  5. Neural plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_plate

    Elongation that occurs throughout the formation of the neural plate and closure of the neural tube is vital; the closing areas of the neural tube are seen to have very increased elongation activity in the midline compared to already closed areas when the plate was beginning to shape itself into a tube. [5] Bending and Convergence of the Neural ...

  6. Convergent extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_extension

    Frog (Xenopus), as well as other amphibian, gastrulation serves as an excellent example of the role of convergent extension in embryogenesis. During gastrulation in frogs, the driving force of convergent extension is the morphogenic activity of the presumptive dorsal mesodermal cells; this activity is driven by the mesenchymal cells that lie ...

  7. Aminoacyl-tRNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl-tRNA

    The elongation factor EF-Tu has been shown to stabilize the bond by preventing weak acyl linkages from being hydrolyzed. [ 12 ] All together, the actual stability of the ester bond influences the susceptibility of the aa-tRNA to hydrolysis within the body at physiological pH and ion concentrations.

  8. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

    Elongation of the polypeptide chain involves addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. The growing protein exits the ribosome through the polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit. [10] Elongation starts when the fMet-tRNA enters the P site, causing a conformational change which opens the A site for the new aminoacyl ...

  9. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    Simple diagram of transcription elongation. One strand of the DNA, the template strand (or noncoding strand), is used as a template for RNA synthesis. As transcription proceeds, RNA polymerase traverses the template strand and uses base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy (which elongates during the traversal).

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