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  2. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.

  3. Maximum elevation figure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_Elevation_Figure

    Pilots are also required to ensure their planned route does not contravene the minimum flying altitude regulations contained in CAR 167. This restriction is normally 1000FT above populated or built-up areas and 500FT elsewhere. Procedures are different when flights are conducted under IFR, where LSALT is commonly used.

  4. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration 's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under ...

  5. Flight level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_level

    The rule affected only those aircraft operating under IFR when in level flight above 3,000 ft above mean sea level, or above the appropriate transition altitude, whichever is the higher, and when below FL195 (19,500 ft above the 1013.2 hPa datum in the UK, or with the altimeter set according to the system published by the competent authority in ...

  6. Airspace class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class

    Class C airspace is defined below 8,100 metres (26,600 ft) and allows IFR and VFR operations. Both IFR and VFR operations are required to have permanent two-way radio contact with ATC. IFR flights are separated from each other and from VFR flights. VFR flights are separated from IFR flights and are provided traffic information about other VFR ...

  7. Airspace class (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class_(United_States)

    MTRs are depicted on VFR sectional charts and IFR low-altitude en route charts to assist pilots in locating and avoiding them, but nonparticipating pilots are not restricted from flying within an MTR. [23] While the altitude limits of each route are not depicted on ordinary charts, the numbering system partially reveals this information.

  8. Visual meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_meteorological...

    In uncontrolled airspace there is less risk of a VFR aircraft colliding with an instrument flight rules (IFR) aircraft emerging from a cloud, so aircraft are permitted to fly closer to clouds. An exception to this rule is class B airspace , in which ATC separates VFR traffic from all other traffic (VFR or IFR), which is why in class B airspace ...

  9. Separation (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_(aeronautics)

    Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Public transport flights are almost exclusively operated under IFR, as this set of rules allows flight in regions of low visibility (e.g. cloud). On the other hand, a large amount of private flying in light aircraft is done under VFR since this requires a lower level of flying skill on the part of the pilot, and ...