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In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
The impedance of free space (that is, the wave impedance of a plane wave in free space) is equal to the product of the vacuum permeability μ 0 and the speed of light in vacuum c 0. Before 2019, the values of both these constants were taken to be exact (they were given in the definitions of the ampere and the metre respectively), and the value ...
The wave impedance of an electromagnetic wave is the ratio of the transverse ... may be used instead of Z for wave impedance to avoid confusion with electrical impedance.
An electrostatic loudspeaker (ESL) ... In contrast, a modern electrodynamic cone loudspeaker is a low impedance device, with higher current requirements.
Therefore, the electrostatic field everywhere inside a conductive object is zero, and the electrostatic potential is constant. The electric field, E {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} } , in units of Newtons per Coulomb or volts per meter, is a vector field that can be defined everywhere, except at the location of point charges (where it diverges to ...
In electrical engineering, the input impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current (), both static and dynamic (), into a load network or circuit that is external to the electrical source network.
Impedance parameters or Z-parameters (the elements of an impedance matrix or Z-matrix) are properties used in electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and communication systems engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks.
Impedance is the complex-valued generalization of resistance. It may refer to: ... Electrical impedance, the ratio of the voltage phasor to the electric current ...