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  2. Electrical impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance

    In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]

  3. Impedance of free space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_of_free_space

    The impedance of free space (that is, the wave impedance of a plane wave in free space) is equal to the product of the vacuum permeability μ 0 and the speed of light in vacuum c 0. Before 2019, the values of both these constants were taken to be exact (they were given in the definitions of the ampere and the metre respectively), and the value ...

  4. Characteristic impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance

    The input impedance of an infinite line is equal to the characteristic impedance since the transmitted wave is never reflected back from the end. Equivalently: The characteristic impedance of a line is that impedance which, when terminating an arbitrary length of line at its output, produces an input impedance of equal value. This is so because ...

  5. Electrostatic loudspeaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_loudspeaker

    An electrostatic loudspeaker (ESL) ... In contrast, a modern electrodynamic cone loudspeaker is a low impedance device, with higher current requirements.

  6. Impedance parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_parameters

    Impedance parameters or Z-parameters (the elements of an impedance matrix or Z-matrix) are properties used in electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and communication systems engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks.

  7. Electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_characteristics...

    The electrical impedance of the speaker varies with the back EMF and thus with the applied frequency. The impedance is at its maximum at F s, shown as Z max in the graph. For frequencies just below resonance, the impedance rises rapidly as the frequency increases towards F s and is inductive in nature.

  8. Impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance

    Impedance is the complex-valued generalization of resistance. It may refer to: ... Electrical impedance, the ratio of the voltage phasor to the electric current ...

  9. Output impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_impedance

    In electrical engineering, the output impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow , both static and dynamic , into the load network being connected that is internal to the electrical source. The output impedance is a measure of the source's propensity to drop in voltage when the load draws current, the ...