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Resin circulates throughout a coniferous tree and a few others, and serves to seal damage to the tree. Harvesting pine resin dates back to Gallo-Roman times in Gascony. Tapping pines may either be done so as to sustain the life of the tree, or exhaustively in the years before the tree is cut down.
Rosin (/ ˈ r ɒ z ɪ n /), also known as colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix graeca), is a resinous material obtained from pine trees and other plants, mostly conifers. The primary components of rosin are diterpenoids, i.e., C 20 carboxylic acids. Rosin consists mainly of resin acids, especially abietic acid. [1]
The most important tree for use in resin extraction is the black pine (Pinus nigra), which has the greatest resin content of all of the European coniferous trees, and it was even used as early as by the Romans for this very purpose. [2] These trees are generally best tapped for their resin between the ages of 90 and 120 years old.
Resin extraction – Process of collecting sap or resin from pine trees Balsam of Peru – Type of tree balsam – used in food and drink for flavoring, in perfumes and toiletries for fragrance, and in medicine and pharmaceutical items.
Turpentine may alternatively be extracted from destructive distillation of pine wood, [3] such as shredded pine stumps, roots, and slash, using the light end of the heavy naphtha fraction (boiling between 90 and 115 °C or 195 and 240 °F) from a crude oil refinery. Such turpentine is called wood turpentine.
Extraction of gallipot Galipot is an impure resin of turpentine . It is obtained from pine trees by evaporation of the essential oil and once purified is called yellow pitch, white pitch or Burgundy pitch.
Oleoresins are semi-solid extracts composed of resin and essential or fatty oil, obtained by evaporation of the solvents used for their production. [1] The oleoresin of conifers is known as crude turpentine or gum turpentine , which consists of oil of turpentine and rosin .
Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refers to a more liquid substance derived from coal production, including coal tar, or from plants, as in pine tar. [2]