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For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3. The usual notation for the square of a number n is not the product n × n, but the equivalent exponentiation n 2, usually pronounced as "n squared". The name square number comes from the name of the shape.
This method requires memorization of the squares of the one-digit numbers 1 to 9. The square of mn, mn being a two-digit integer, can be calculated as 10 × m(mn + n) + n 2. Meaning the square of mn can be found by adding n to mn, multiplied by m, adding 0 to the end and finally adding the square of n. For example, 23 2: 23 2 = 10 × 2(23 + 3 ...
The square of an integer may also be called a square number or a perfect square. In algebra, the operation of squaring is often generalized to polynomials, other expressions, or values in systems of mathematical values other than the numbers. For instance, the square of the linear polynomial x + 1 is the quadratic polynomial (x + 1) 2 = x 2 ...
In mathematics and its applications, the mean square is normally defined as the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of numbers or of a random variable. [ 1 ] It may also be defined as the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations between a set of numbers and a reference value (e.g., may be a mean or an assumed mean of the data), [ 2 ...
3. Between two groups, may mean that the first one is a proper subgroup of the second one. > (greater-than sign) 1. Strict inequality between two numbers; means and is read as "greater than". 2. Commonly used for denoting any strict order. 3. Between two groups, may mean that the second one is a proper subgroup of the first one. ≤ 1.
Ordinary least squares regression of Okun's law.Since the regression line does not miss any of the points by very much, the R 2 of the regression is relatively high.. In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R 2 or r 2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).
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If a vector of predictions is generated from a sample of data points on all variables, and is the vector of observed values of the variable being predicted, with ^ being the predicted values (e.g. as from a least-squares fit), then the within-sample MSE of the predictor is computed as