Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Additionally, SnCl 2 is used to selectively reduce aromatic nitro groups to anilines. [11] Aromatic nitro group reduction using SnCl 2. SnCl 2 also reduces quinones to hydroquinones. Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive with E number E512 to some canned and bottled foods, where it serves as a color-retention agent and antioxidant.
Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE).This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O).
3 R 4 Sn + SnCl 4 → 4 R 3 SnCl R 4 Sn + SnCl 4 → 2 R 2 SnCl 2 R 4 Sn + 3 SnCl 4 → 4 RSnCl 3. A related method involves redistribution of tin halides with organoaluminium compounds. [2]: 45–47 In principle, alkyltin halides can be formed from direct insertion of the metal into the carbon-halogen bond.
This page was last edited on 12 November 2021, at 11:49 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
The additional water molecules link together the molecules of [SnCl 4 (H 2 O) 2] through hydrogen bonds. [3] Although the pentahydrate is the most common hydrate, lower hydrates have also been characterised. [4] Aside from water, other Lewis bases form adducts with SnCl 4. These include ammonia and organophosphines.
An inorganic example is the Bettendorf reaction using tin dichloride (SnCl 2) to prove the presence of arsenite ions in a concentrated HCl extract. When arsenic(III) is present, a brown coloration appears forming a dark precipitate of arsenic , according to the following simplified reaction:
Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!
SnCl 4 + Sn → 2 SnCl 2. Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO 2 (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. [46] SnO 2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. [48] Stannates with the structure [Sn(OH) 6] 2−, like K 2 [Sn(OH)