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API gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument. API gravity values of most petroleum liquids fall between 10 and 70 degrees. In 1916, the U.S. National Bureau of Standards accepted the Baumé scale, which had been developed in France in 1768, as the U.S. standard for measuring the specific gravity of liquids less dense than water.
In the international petroleum industry, crude oil products are traded on various oil bourses based on established chemical profiles, delivery locations, and financial terms. The chemical profiles, or crude oil assays , specify important properties such as the oil's API gravity .
A United States Navy Aviation boatswain's mate tests the specific gravity of JP-5 fuel. Relative density, also called specific gravity, [1] [2] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
The specific gravity of gasoline ranges from 0.71 to 0.77, [13] with higher densities having a greater volume fraction of aromatics. [14] Finished marketable gasoline is traded (in Europe) with a standard reference of 0.755 kilograms per liter (6.30 lb/U.S. gal), (7,5668 lb/ imp gal) its price is escalated or de-escalated according to its ...
In other words, oil with a density greater than 1000 kg/m 3 (or a specific gravity greater than 1) and a reservoir viscosity of more than 10,000 centipoises. [3] [5] Heavy oils and asphalt are dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). They have a low solubility and a viscosity greater than, and density higher than, water. [6]
Since API gravity is an inverse measure of a liquid's density relative to that of water, it can be calculated by first dividing the liquid's density by the density of water at a base temperature (usually 60 °F) to compute Specific Gravity (SG), then converting the Specific Gravity to Degrees API as follows: = =
Thus, the API gravity or specific gravity is widely used for the classification of crude oils, based on a scheme proposed by the American Petroleum Institute (Table 1). A high API value >30 means a light crude with paraffinic character; a low API value means a heavy crude with increasing aromatic character. Table 1.
Crude oil density is commonly expressed in degrees of American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity which are associated with specific gravity. The lower the API gravity, the denser the oil. The API gravity of liquid crude oil ranges from 4º for tar rich in bitumen to condensates that have an API gravity of 70º. Heavy oils are classified between ...