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The purpose of quantization in music processing is to provide a more beat-accurate timing of sounds. [2] Quantization is frequently applied to a record of MIDI notes created by the use of a musical keyboard or drum machine. Additionally, the phrase "pitch quantization" can refer to pitch correction used in audio production, such as using Auto-Tune.
The number of bits used in each sample directly affects the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range of the digital signal, specifically by determining the amplitude of a kind of noise called quantization noise that is similar to low-pass-filtered white noise. Resolution reduction intentionally reduces the number of bits used for audio samples.
Noise shaping works by putting quantization noise in a feedback loop designed to filter the noise as desired. Low-pass boxcar filter example For example, consider the ...
As the dynamic range is measured relative to the RMS level of a full scale sine wave, the dynamic range and the level of this quantization noise in dBFS can both be estimated with the same formula (though with reversed sign):
A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal.Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time.
Audacity is a free and open-source digital audio editor and recording application software, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] As of December 6, 2022, Audacity is the most popular download at FossHub, [ 8 ] with over 114.2 million downloads since March 2015.
As a form of vector quantization, PVQ defines a codebook of M quantization points, each of which is assigned an integer codeword from 0 to M−1. The goal of the encoder is to find the codeword of the closest vector, which the decoder must decode back into a vector.
Sampling and quantization of a signal (red) for 4-bit LPCM over a time domain at specific frequency. In the diagram, a sine wave (red curve) is sampled and quantized for PCM. The sine wave is sampled at regular intervals, shown as vertical lines. For each sample, one of the available values (on the y-axis) is chosen.