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The capillary length will vary for different liquids and different conditions. Here is a picture of a water droplet on a lotus leaf. If the temperature is 20 o then = 2.71mm . The capillary length or capillary constant is a length scaling factor that relates gravity and surface tension.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
The capillary length is a length scaling factor that relates gravity, density, and surface tension, and is directly responsible for the shape a droplet for a specific fluid will take. The capillary length stems from the Laplace pressure, using the radius of the droplet. Using the capillary length we can define microdrops and macrodrops.
Flow through the pores in an oil reservoir has capillary number values in the order of 10 −6, whereas flow of oil through an oil well drill pipe has a capillary number in the order of unity. [ 4 ] The capillary number plays a role in the dynamics of capillary flow ; in particular, it governs the dynamic contact angle of a flowing droplet at ...
An object or an insect can float on water due to surface tension if Bo < 1. Its inverse = =, is known as the Jesus number. [7] [10] [11] [12] Conversely, an insect can float over water if Je >1. This principle allows for animal locomotion on the surface of water.
The equation is derived for capillary flow in a cylindrical tube in the absence of a gravitational field, but is sufficiently accurate in many cases when the capillary force is still significantly greater than the gravitational force. In his paper from 1921 Washburn applies Poiseuille's Law for fluid motion in a circular tube.
The Knudsen number is a dimensionless number defined as =, where = mean free path [L 1], = representative physical length scale [L 1].. The representative length scale considered, , may correspond to various physical traits of a system, but most commonly relates to a gap length over which thermal transport or mass transport occurs through a gas phase.
A length of capillary tube. A bubble is introduced to the capillary; as water is taken up by the plant, the bubble moves. By marking regular gradations on the tube, it is possible to measure water uptake. A reservoir. Typically a funnel with a tap; turning the tap on the reservoir resets the bubble. Some designs use a syringe instead.