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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure. [1] Hypertension is a risk factor for all clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since it is a risk factor for atherosclerosis itself.
Loop diuretics may also precipitate kidney failure in patients concurrently taking an NSAID and an ACE inhibitor—the so-called "triple whammy" effect. [19] Because furosemide, torsemide and bumetanide are technically sulfa drugs, there is a theoretical risk that patients sensitive to sulfonamides may be sensitive to these loop diuretics. This ...
Chlortalidone is considered a first-line medication for treatment of high blood pressure. [2] Some recommend chlortalidone over hydrochlorothiazide. [1] [15] A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that chlortalidone is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide for lowering blood pressure, while the two drugs have similar toxicity.
Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO − 3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.
Toxicity as blood agent Hydrogen cyanide: Colorless gas or liquid, almond odor, burns with a bluish flame. −13 / 26 °C 10 2 9 10 8 10 Cyanogen: Colorless gas, almond odor, burns with a pinkish flame having a blue border. −28 / −21 °C 9 2 9 8 7 9 Cyanogen chloride: Colorless gas or liquid, pungent and biting odor, soluble in water and ...
Azilsartan, sold under the brand name Edarbi among others, is used for the treatment of hypertension. [2] [3] [4] It is used as the prodrug azilsartan medoxomil, is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, [5] and was developed by Takeda. The most common adverse reaction in adults is diarrhea. [2] It is available as a generic medication. [6]
For patients with long-standing hypertension, patient education on the importance of consistently taking prescribed medications and keeping blood pressure well-controlled is critical. [2] Additionally, future treatments may focus not only on blood pressure control but also the reduction of local inflammation that can lead to end organ damage.