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The measurement of IRI is required for data provided to the United States Federal Highway Administration, [1] [9] and is covered in several standards from ASTM International: ASTM E1926 - 08, [10] ASTM E1364 - 95(2005), [11] and others. IRI is also used to evaluate new pavement construction, to determine penalties or bonus payments based on ...
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
Tools that may be part of costs estimation are cost indexes. These factors promote time adjustment of capital costs, following changes in technology, availability of materials and labor, and inflation. [22] Due to the inherent unavailability of up-to-date Chemical Process Engineering cost literature, several inflation or cost indexes are available.
Chemical Engineering Index, CE: composed of 4 major components – for equipment and other bulk items, the others relevant to construction labor, buildings, and engineering and supervision – the index is employed primary as a process plant construction index, was established using a base period of 1957-1959 as 100. The CE Index is updated ...
A small amount of this data is then used to calculate two monthly index figures, the Construction Cost Index and the Building Cost Index. Both indexes are calculated using a formula made up of fixed amounts of four components—Portland cement, 2x4 lumber, structural steel (steel beams), and labor.
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]