Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Conductivity or specific conductance of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a ...
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration. [1] [2] =, where: κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte.
Faraday discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical equivalent/equivalent weight (E). [3]
The Ostwald law of dilution provides a satisfactory description of the concentration dependence of the conductivity of weak electrolytes like CH 3 COOH and NH 4 OH. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The variation of molar conductivity is essentially due to the incomplete dissociation of weak electrolytes into ions.
A normal experiment may involve 1–10 mL solution with an analyte concentration between 1 and 10 mmol/L. More advanced voltammetric techniques can work with microliter volumes and down to nanomolar concentrations. Chemically modified electrodes are employed for the analysis of organic and inorganic samples.
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
A constant electrolyte concentration is maintained during charge-discharge cycles. In case of porous electrodes a more complete utilization of solid electroactive materials at high current densities is possible, even if the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is reduced. [4] [3]
An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions, but not through the movement of electrons. [1] [2] [3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases, dissolved in a polar solvent like water.