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While meat-preservation processes like curing were mainly developed in order to prevent disease and to increase food security, the advent of modern preservation methods mean that in most developed countries today, curing is instead mainly practiced for its cultural value and desirable impact on the texture and taste of food.
Different food preservation methods have different impacts on the quality of the food and food systems. Some traditional methods of preserving food have been shown to have a lower energy input and carbon footprint compared to modern methods. [3] [2] Some methods of food preservation are also known to create carcinogens.
Processed meat is considered to be any meat that has been modified in order to either improve its taste or to extend its shelf life. Methods of meat processing include salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, and/or the addition of chemical preservatives. [1] Processed meat is usually composed of pork or beef or, less frequently, poultry.
Salting, either with dry salt or brine, was a common method of preserving meat until the middle of the 20th century, becoming less popular after the advent of refrigeration. Meat that had been preserved in this way was frequently called "junk" [ 4 ] or "salt horse". [ 5 ]
Rillettes (/ r ɪ ˈ l ɛ t s, r i ˈ j ɛ t /, also UK: / ˈ r iː j ɛ t /, French:) is a preservation method similar to confit where meat is seasoned then submerged in fat and cooked slowly over the course of several hours (4 to 10 hours). [1] The meat is shredded and packed into sterile containers covered in fat.
Pickling is the process of preserving or extending the shelf life of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. The pickling procedure typically affects the food's texture and flavor. The resulting food is called a pickle, or, if named, the name is prefaced with the word "pickled". Foods that are pickled include ...
Fermented meat is an important preservation process which has evolved for meat but is rarely used alone. [ 1 ] : 39 [ 2 ] : 3 A particularly common form of fermented meat product is the sausage , with notable examples including chorizo , salami , sucuk , pepperoni , nem chua , som moo , and saucisson .
Sharing of Igunaq among Inuit families.. Igunaq (Inuktitut: ᐃᒍᓇᖅ) ), [1] also Kopalhen (Chukot: копалгын, romanized: kopalgyn, IPA [kopaɬɣən]) is an Early Paleo-Eskimo, autolysis-based method of preparing and preserving meat, particularly walrus and other marine mammals, caribou and birds, as part of the Inuit cuisine, Chukchi cuisine, Yamal cuisine, and the Evenki diets.