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A geologic hazard or geohazard is an adverse geologic condition capable of causing widespread damage or loss of property and life. [1] These hazards are geological and environmental conditions and involve long-term or short-term geological processes.
This category is a loose grouping of natural hazards caused by movements or eruptions of land and secondary movements of water. These are here distinguished from Category:Weather hazards and other natural hazards: Category:Natural hazards .
A sudden reduction in pressure causes a rapid phase transition from liquid to steam, resulting in an explosion of water and rock debris. [2] During the last Ice Age, many hydrothermal explosions were triggered by the release of pressure as glaciers receded. [3] Other causes are seismic activity, erosion, or hydraulic fracturing. [4]
These result in tephra and ash fall hazards for surrounding areas. [2] Large horseshoe-shaped craters formed by landslides at volcanoes will likely direct subsequent lava flows, pyroclastic flows or lahars toward its breached opening if the primary eruptive vent is located within these deep craters. [2]
In geology, continental collision is a phenomenon of plate tectonics that occurs at convergent boundaries. Continental collision is a variation on the fundamental process of subduction, whereby the subduction zone is destroyed, mountains produced, and two continents sutured together. Continental collision is only known to occur on Earth.
Both surface deformation and faulting and shaking-related geological effects (e.g., soil liquefaction, landslides) not only leave permanent imprints in the environment, but also dramatically affect human structures. Moreover, underwater fault ruptures and seismically triggered landslides can generate tsunami waves.
Mountain formation – Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains; Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges; Paleostress inversion; Seismic hazard – Earthquake probability in a specific area and time; Striation – Groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral
Mass wasting is a general term for any process of erosion that is driven by gravity and in which the transported soil and rock is not entrained in a moving medium, such as water, wind, or ice. [2] The presence of water usually aids mass wasting, but the water is not abundant enough to be regarded as a transporting medium.