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  2. Ratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratification

    Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law , ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty.

  3. Article Five of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United...

    Under Article Five, the process to alter the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments, and subsequent ratification. Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate ; or by a convention to propose amendments called by Congress at the request of two ...

  4. State ratifying conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_ratifying_conventions

    The U.S. constitutional amendment process. The convention method of ratification described in Article V is an alternate route to considering the pro and con arguments of a particular proposed amendment, as the framers of the Constitution wanted a means of potentially bypassing the state legislatures in the ratification process.

  5. Constitution of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United...

    The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment. [126] State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. [127] Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code § 106b.

  6. Treaty Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_Clause

    The Treaty Clause of the United States Constitution (Article II, Section 2, Clause 2) establishes the procedure for ratifying international agreements.It empowers the President as the primary negotiator of agreements between the United States and other countries, and holds that the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority of the Senate renders a treaty binding with the force of federal ...

  7. Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to...

    Although the U.S. Constitution provides two methods for ratifying constitutional amendments, [3] only one method had been used up until that time: ratification by the state legislatures of three-fourths of the states. However, the wisdom of the day was that the lawmakers of many states were either beholden to or simply fearful of the temperance ...

  8. Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment...

    He later launched a nationwide campaign to complete its ratification. [2] [3] The amendment eventually became part of the United States Constitution, effective May 5, 1992, [4] completing a record-setting ratification period of 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days, beating the previous record set by the Twenty-second Amendment of 3 years and 343 ...

  9. Convention to propose amendments to the United States ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose...

    The amendment process crafted during the Constitutional Convention, James Madison later wrote in The Federalist No. 43, was designed to establish a balance between pliancy and rigidity: [24] It guards equally against that extreme facility which would render the Constitution too mutable; and that extreme difficulty which might perpetuate its ...